[UPDATE] Vienna Report Back: Key Topics 来自维也纳的报告：关键话题

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By Ken Oh and Meg Davis

作者：Ken Oh、王翠凤

 

 

There were dozens of sessions and over
20,000 people at the 2010 International AIDS Conference, whose theme was
“Rights Here, Rights Now”. We can’t bring it all to you, but here’s a roundup
of the highlights:

2010年的国际艾滋病大会，共有20,000人参加，召开了多场会议。本次会议的主题是 “我们的权利，就在此时此地”。在此，我们不能将会议的全部呈现给各位，但将为各位呈上本次会议亮点的综述。

 

  • Science Update:
    Breakthroughs in microbicides, growing momentum for Pre-Exposure
    Prophylaxis, and the UNITAID patent pool
  • 科学：杀微生物剂研制的突破；治疗性预防（Pre-Exposure Propylaxi）的持续进展以及联合救助中心专利池（UNITAID patent pool）的建立

 

 

[NEWS] Microbicide Gel: A Major Breakthrough in AIDS Fight /科学报告

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Microbicide gel: A major breakthrough in AIDS fight

In one of the most attention-grabbing
sessions of the conference, the Center for the AIDS Program of Research in
South Africa reported that a clinical study of 889 women has found that a microbicide
gel used before and after sex could reduce risk of HIV infection by nearly 40
percent.  The findings are especially encouraging
as six previous microbicide trials have failed over the past fourteen years.
The self-applied gel could make it possible for women to reduce the risk of HIV
infection.

 

 

杀微生物凝胶：艾滋病战役中的主要突破

在其中一场引人注目的会议中，南非艾滋病研究项目中心报告道，通过对889名妇女进行临床研究，他们发现妇女在性活动前后使用一种杀微生物凝胶后，其感染艾滋病病毒的风险将降低40%。在经历过去14年来，
6次杀微生物剂研制的失败之后，这次的发现令人精神为之一振，这种可自主使用的凝胶使得降低妇女感染艾滋病的风险成为可能。

 

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[COMMENTARY] Legalization vs. Decriminalization 分析：合法化与除罪化

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The International AIDS Conference also launched the Vienna Declaration, (中文https://www.viennadeclarationchinese.com/), a statement signed by hundreds of doctors, experts and NGOs calling for decriminalization of drug use.  A number of speakers, panels and protests at the conference also
called for the decriminization of HIV transmission and commercial sex work.  A growing body of scientific evidence presented at the meeting shows that decriminalization would be consistent not only with a rights-based approach to the epidemic but also with science-based public health principles.

 

 

However, there is some confusion regarding the differences between “decriminalization” and “legalization” – so
here is a brief explanation.

 

 

国际艾滋病大会上共有数百名医生签署了新发起的《维也纳宣言》，专家们和非营利性组织呼吁取消对使用毒品定罪。出席会议的许多发言人、专门小组和抗议者也呼吁取消对传播艾滋病与性工作的定罪。会上，越来越多的证据表明除罪化不仅和从权力角度出发抗击疾病的方式相一致，也与从科学的角度出发的公众健康规则相一致。

 

 

然而，在合法化与除罪化之间仍然有些令人困惑的地方，下面是对此的简单解释：

 

 

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[NEWS] Global Fund Chief Calls for Closure of Compulsory Detoxification Centers 全球基金会会长呼吁关闭强制戒毒所

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Echoing a speech he made in Toronto in
June, Michel Kazatchkine, executive director of the Global Fund to Fight AIDS,
Tuberculosis and Malaria, again called
for the closure of compulsory detention centers, where drug users are
detained for months or years without trial or due process, under the guise of
drug treatment.

 

 

和7月在多伦多的演讲相呼应，全球抗击艾滋病、肺结核和疟疾基金会的首席执行官迈克尔·科茨特凯恩又一次呼吁关闭强制戒毒所。强制戒毒所以对药物治疗为名，在没有经过审讯或其他合适程序的情况下，将吸毒人员关押数月甚至数年。

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[NEWS] Criminalization of Drug Use Fuels AIDS 毒品利用有罪化加剧艾滋病传播

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New evidence that criminalization of drug use fuels HIV/AIDS

 

A special issue of the medical journal The Lancet,
produced for the International AIDS Conference, published a ground-breaking
series of articles and commentaries on the global HIV epidemic among people who
use drugs. Drawing on their comprehensive examination of hundreds of studies, the
journal’s editors called for an evidence- and rights-based response to HIV
among people who use drugs: “Criminalization
has reduced access to health care for people at risk of drug use…Put simply,
locking people up does not work.”  The
journal’s articles provide evidence showing that the most neglected strategy, a
human rights-based approach, is the the most effective tool in reversing the
epidemic.

新证据表明，毒品利用有罪化加剧艾滋病传播

 

医学期刊《柳叶刀》上有期为国际艾滋病大会制作的专门话题，围绕话题发表了一系列有关全球艾滋病在吸毒者之间的感染情况的论文和评论，颇具开拓性。通过对这数百项研究进行综合考察，期刊的编辑呼吁，对吸毒人群艾滋病的回应应当有据且符合其正当权益，”有罪化，使得容易受到感染的吸毒人群接触健康治疗的途径减少……简单地说，将人锁起来是没有用的。”期刊的论文用相关证据说明，在对抗艾滋病时，最容易被人们忽视的方式，也就是以人为本的方式，其实是最有效的方式。

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