The International AIDS Conference also launched the Vienna Declaration, (中文https://www.viennadeclarationchinese.com/), a statement signed by hundreds of doctors, experts and NGOs calling for decriminalization of drug use.  A number of speakers, panels and protests at the conference also
called for the decriminization of HIV transmission and commercial sex work.  A growing body of scientific evidence presented at the meeting shows that decriminalization would be consistent not only with a rights-based approach to the epidemic but also with science-based public health principles.

 

 

However, there is some confusion regarding the differences between “decriminalization” and “legalization” – so
here is a brief explanation.

 

 

国际艾滋病大会上共有数百名医生签署了新发起的《维也纳宣言》，专家们和非营利性组织呼吁取消对使用毒品定罪。出席会议的许多发言人、专门小组和抗议者也呼吁取消对传播艾滋病与性工作的定罪。会上，越来越多的证据表明除罪化不仅和从权力角度出发抗击疾病的方式相一致，也与从科学的角度出发的公众健康规则相一致。

 

 

然而，在合法化与除罪化之间仍然有些令人困惑的地方，下面是对此的简单解释：

 

 

Decriminalization refers to the repeal or removal of
existing laws which criminalize certain activities.  In the context of sex work, decriminalization
could entail repealing laws which criminalize being present in a sex work
venue, taking another person to a sex work venue, or communicating with another
person for the purpose of engaging in sex work.
Decriminalization of sex work, for example, would bestow upon sex
workers the same rights and responsibilities as any other self-employed worker
and would provide for the same types of legal protections as well.

 

In contrast, legalization is a proactive legislative step, where the activities
that were previously illegal are not only decriminalized but also regulated by
government.  In countries where sex work
is legalized, regulations include the imposition of special taxes, designations
of specific work zones, or the requirement of special work permits.  Regulations may also include specific registration
and physical examination requirements.

 

Many AIDS experts and organizations
are calling for decriminalization and not legalization, as decriminalization creates
less opportunity for governmental corruption or police abuse.

 

除罪化，是指废除或移除已有的对相关行为定罪的法律。以性工作为例，法律将参与性交易，携带他人参加性交易或者以性交易为目的与他人谈话定为有罪，除罪化则意味着对这些法律的废除成为必要。对性工作的除罪化，将授予性工作者与其他雇员同样的权利和责任，向他们提供和其他雇员同样的法律保护。

 

而与之形成对比的是，合法化是指一个前摄的立法过程，通过立法，原先非法的活动不仅没有除罪化，而且还要接受政府部门的约束。在一些性工作被合法化的国家，缴纳专门税，划出专门工作区或者是获取专门的工作执照等都被列入法律中，相关的规定也可能包括专门的登记和体检。

 

许多艾滋病专家和组织呼吁除罪化而不是合法化，除罪化将为政府腐败和警察暴力提供更少的机会。